Unit+6

Unit 6: America and World War II ==

==** WWII Interactive Map & Timeline - EXPLORE **== ==

1. We will watch a clip from the movie __Saving Private Ryan__. As we watch, write down what you see and your reactions, questions, and comments.

 * June 6, 1944
 * took place in France
 * they already been to africa and Italy to fight
 * Americans vs. Germans
 * The Americans invaded France to fight the Germans

2. What historical event was the video clip depicting?
===3. Use the link below to read up on D-Day and take 2-column notes as you read. D-Day occurred in the middle of WWII, so we are starting with it to try to put together the puzzle of what had happened before it. Make sure you have the link in your notes.===
 * D-Day was what was going on in the video
 * it requiered extensive planning
 * German-occupied France (France is occupied by Germans; Germans tried to liberate France)

D-Day site - History.com

 * 156,000 American, British, and Canadian forces landed on 5 beaches
 * largest amphibious(from ship to land) invasion military assualts in history
 * General Dwight Eisenhower was commander of operation overlord
 * they were supposed to have the invasion June 5th of 1944 but due to the weather delay they couldnt
 * by dawn on June 6th they were all ready to invade

**TEXTBOOK page 772**

 * American forces fought in North Africa- Morocco, Algeria, Libya, and Egypt - for their first action of WWII(1942-1943). America was joining the fight to help recapture these countries from German/Axis control.**
 * Next stop was Italy. Then onto France - D-Day/Battle of Normandy(1944)(Saving Private Ryan)**

Chapter 24 overview:

 * **on April 30th, Hitler commits suicide in Berlin**
 * **on August 15th, Japanese surrender after bombing Hiroshoma & Nagasaki**
 * **from 1941 & 1942, German General Erwin Rommel's forces foght back to back for control of North Africa**
 * **The invasion of France became known as Operation Overlord- they wanted to end the war as quickly as possible**

=B. Overview of America's involvement in WWII=

1. We will watch a segment from America: The Story of Us that deals with many details of America's involvement in WWII. As we watch, try to take notes on the main ideas that you hear and see.

 * after 3- 4 days after the pearl harbor suprise attack in hawaii
 * after that U.S. joined the War
 * December 7th, 1941
 * the women were much invloved with the war, they worked in the factories-- major help with winning the war
 * Jeeps and other weapons were made
 * WWII would cost $300 billion
 * when bombing they try to target factories and war supplies, some people would die especially in the factories
 * The Army was segregated
 * both France and Germany were in ruins after WWII
 * Americans were the first to use the nuclear weapons to help win the war
 * U.S. uses 2 atomic bombs on Japan and Japan then surrenders
 * after WWII America is the worlds super power
 * 50 million babies in 5 years-- Baby Boom--people born 1945-1960
 * 1950s-peace and prosperity

=C. Background to WWII and the start of the war in Europe.= ===1. Below is some background info and an intro to the start of WWII, adapted from History.com's WWII page. Please copy and paste it into your notebook. As you read it, use bolding and __underlining__ to mark it up. After reading it, create a bubble outline of the background to and start of the war.===

The instability created in Europe by the First World War (1914-18) set the stage for another international conflict–**__World War II–which broke out two decades later and would prove even more devastating__**. Rising to power in an economically and politically unstable Germany, **Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist (Nazi Party) rearmed the nation and signed strategic treaties with Italy and Japan to further his ambitions of world domination**. **Italy had come under the control of a dictator named Benito Mussolini and Japan was being led by a military General Hideki Tojo.** Hitler came to power in 1933 and in the mid-1930s set the world on a course to war. Hitler began by taking complete control of Germany as a dictator and leading the German people to start targeting Jews on a quest to create a pure German race. He then violated World War I's Treaty of Versailles by rebuilding the German military and beginning to take back land Germany had lost from the Versailles treaty - Germany took part of Austria in 1938 and Czechoslovakia early in 1939. **While Hitler took these actions America was more focused on domestic issues and both Great Britain and France were trying to avoid another war, so they used a policy called Appeasement, which means giving in to the demands of an aggressor, letting Hitler get away with what he was doing.**

Hitler was able to gain momentum and **__his invasion of Poland in September 1939 drove Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany, and World War II had begun__.** Before Hitler could be slowed, Germany, Italy, and Japan had taken over much of Europe and Asia: Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, __France__, Libya, part of China, The Philippines, and more (take a look at the map below).


 * __WWII pitted the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) against the Allied Powers (Great Britain and France, followed by the Soviet Union and the U.S.).__** Over the next six years, the conflict would take more lives and destroy more land and property around the globe than any previous war. **An estimated 45-60 million people were killed during WWII. Included were 6 million Jews murdered in Nazi concentration camps as part of Hitler's diabolical "Final Solution," now known as the Holocaust**. **__America did not declare war until December of 1941, after being bombed by Japan at Pearl Harbor navy base in Hawaii.__** From 1937 to 1941, America had been supplying the Allied Powers with war supplies, but **fully joined the war in 1942, fighting Germany and Italy in North Africa and Italy and fighting Japan in the islands and waters of the Pacific Ocean.**

***After having read this intro/overview, don't forget to create your bubbl.us outline!

 * [[image:http://www.louislamourgreatadventure.com/images/Maps/AxisPowersWWIIWorldTheatreMap.jpg caption="Red = Axis Control"]] ||
 * Red = Axis Control ||

media type="custom" key="9107524"

=D. Key Terms so far=

1.Treaty of Versailles

 * Ended World War I and Hitler and the Axis powers were violating it

2. Dictator

 * a person that has complete power

3. Totalitarian

 * govt with total power; a group of people that control the govt

4. Fascism

 * system where the country is the first priority, everything is focused one the glory of the state
 * Germany and Italy were Fascist Dictatorships

5. Appeasement

 * to satisfy; peace; calm
 * letting someone get away with what they are doing, so that there were no conflicts

6. Hitler, Mussolini, Tojo

 * Leaders of the Axis Powers
 * Hitler--> dictator of Germany who targeted Jewish people
 * Mussolini--> Dictator of Italy
 * Tojo--> led Japan

7. Axis Powers

 * Germany, Italy, and Japan

8. Pearl Harbor

 * Japan bombed pearl harbor
 * suprise attack towards the U.S.

9. Allied Powers

 * Great Britain, France, the U.S., and other countries including the Soviet Union

10. D-Day

 * France invasion, june 6th, 1944; the Allied invaded France because it was controlled by Germany

11. Dwight Eisenhower

 * General Dwight Eisenhower was commander of operation overlord/ D-Day

media type="custom" key="9278232"

1. What is Pearl Harbor? Where is it? When was it attacked?

 * Pearl Harbor is a navy base, in Hawaii. It was attacked December 7th, 1941

Answer: What were the key details of the attack?

 * 9 of the bombers made gapping holes killing a lot of people during the attack
 * 183 aircraft set out to attack
 * 7:55a.m. were when the first bombs hit Pearl harbor--more than 2,000 sailors live there
 * planes from every direction and nearly 50 bombers come and the goal was to block the narrow channel
 * those who survived went searching for the people who didnt really make it
 * the ships, plans, aircrafts were damaged and a ton of casualties of the people from the corps

3. Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
Why?
 * Japan attacked Pearl Harbor because the U.S. was getting in their way bof trying to conquer neighbouring countries

4. Should the U.S. have been more prepared?



 * i think that the U.S should have been more prepared because it was in the newspapers saying that Japan might strike. They were aware of this, but chose not to do anything about it.

5. What was the U.S. response?

 * The U.S. declared war

Check out the posters below, what do they tell us about America's response to Pearl Harbor?:

 * These posters wanted the people to agree with them and declare the war
 * they also wanted the people to remember what Japan did
 * they also wanted Japan to know that America wasnt playing
 * [[image:http://blogs-images.forbes.com/shenegotiates/files/2011/03/Pearl-Harbor-Propaganda.jpg width="174" height="277" caption="external image Pearl-Harbor-Propaganda.jpg"]] || [[image:http://www.war-stories.com/images-posters/wwii/wwii-poster-remember-pearl-harbor.jpg width="204" height="250" caption="external image wwii-poster-remember-pearl-harbor.jpg"]] || [[image:http://www.tooconservative.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/h72273k.jpg width="238" height="262" caption="external image h72273k.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:http://www.therudenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/avenge-pearl-harbor-attack-navy-ships-ww2-infamy.jpg width="259" height="369" caption="external image avenge-pearl-harbor-attack-navy-ships-ww2-infamy.jpg"]] || [[image:http://www.lchs.museum/ww2/images/roadtowar_remember_pearl.gif width="149" height="118" align="center" caption="external image roadtowar_remember_pearl.gif"]] || [[image:http://semperparatus.com/posters/post_uscg_remember2.jpg width="220" height="301" caption="external image post_uscg_remember2.jpg"]] ||

=G. American Forces in WWII - The Home Front, Mobilization & Impact=
 * ===** Read the information below. **===
 * ===** For each bullet in #1 & #2 below, find an image that applies and put it into your notebook and use the bullet as the caption. **===
 * ===** For every key term that is underlined, define it in your notebook (in your own words). **===

1. After declaring war, the American public and military had to prepare to fight:




**Key Terms:**

 * __**Mobilized-->**__ Assembled; organize; preparation of army
 * __**The office of production management-->**__ controlling the activities to make a product
 * __**The war production board-->**__ Agency established in 1942,it supervised production and sale of material for WWII
 * __**Rosie the Riveter-->**__ an icon who represented women who worked in WWII;propaganda campaigns used to make women work in the war
 * __**Manhattan project-->**__ resaerch to deveoping the atomic bomb/ nuclear weapons
 * __**J. Robert Oppenheimer-->**__ a physics professor who worked on the Manhattan project to help make the first nuclear weapons
 * __**A. Philip Randolph-->**__ African American civil rights movement; he fought for against segregation

G3. Military impact: Operations

 * ====**2-Front War - aka Two Theater War**====
 * **In WWII, the U.S. was fighting in Europe and the Pacific**
 * ====**Operation Torch - N Africa & Italy**====
 * **The first fighting in WWII for American forces was in the North Africa and then Italy**
 * ====**Operation Overlord - D-Day & Normandy**====
 * **Invasion of France to retake it from German control-led by the U.S. an General Eisenhower**
 * ====**Battle of the Bulge**====
 * **As the Germans were getting close to defeat, they launched one big last offensive. it was temporary successful, but they couldn't fight off the Allies for long**
 * ====**Ending the Holocaust**====
 * **As the Americans came from the west and the Soviets from the east, the Germans were defeated and all the concentration camps were discovered. Any prisoners left were freed.**
 * ====**Slow start in the Pacific**====
 * **The first few battles in the Pacific theater were won by Japan, America was struggling on that front. America even lost control of the Phillipines to the Japanese**
 * ====**Doolittle's Raid on Tokyo**====
 * **The bombing of Japan helps turn things around. April 1942.**
 * ====**Battles of Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Leyte Gulf, Iwo Jima, Okinawa - __ISLAND HOPPING__ in the PACIFIC - see map:**====
 * **American forces win a number of battles in the Pacific- mostly air and sea battles-against Japan, going from Island to island. americans recaptured the Phillipines, starting with the battle of Leyte Gulf, and then fought on Iwo Jima and Okinawa, getting very close to Japan's mainland (spring of 1945).**
 * ===Code Talkers---> Navajo Native Americans in the U.S. Marines who used their language to relay important messages that the Japanese couldn't decode===
 * ===Kamikazes--->Japanese Suicide bomber pilots that flew their planes in to American ships during WWII===

=G3 continued...The End of the War:=
 * V-E Day
 * Victory in Europe Day
 * May 7th, Hitleras death agreed to a surrender
 * May 8th 1945 the day the Allies celebrated their victory

Decision to Invade Japan or use the atomic bombs. The Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Diary of President Truman"I have to decide Japanese strategy -- shall we invade Japan proper or shall we bomb and blockade? That is my hardest decision to date. But I'll make it when I have all the facts." June 17, 1945
 * ====Japan's refusal to surrender====
 * Even though The U.S. was destroying more and more of Japan, they still refused to surrender, which was bad for them because more severe damage would happen to their country
 * ====Hiroshima & Nagasaki====
 * when the American B-29, Enola Gay ( atomic bomb), hit the city of Hiroshima, the bomb exploded and the heavy damages extended 3 miles and the lighter ones 12 miles.
 * since the Japanese show no sign of surrender, the U.S. dropped another bomb on Nagasaki on August 9th. and they still did not end the war.
 * What is your opinion of the decision to drop the atomic bombs on Japan? Read up using the info and sites below, then write a paragraph explaining the debate __and__ your opinion:

President Truman - radio address - August 1945: "I realize the tragic significance of the atomic bomb. Its production and its use were not lightly undertaken by this government. But, we knew that our enemies were on the search for it. We know now how close they were to finding it. And we know the disaster which would come to this nation, and to all peaceful nations, to all civilizations, if they had found it first.

That is why we felt compelled to undertake the long and uncertain and costly labor of discovery and production. We won the race of discovery against the Germans.

Having found the bomb, we have used it. We have used it against those who attacked us without warning at Pearl Harbor, against those who have starved and beaten and executed American prisoners of war, against those who have abandoned the pretense of obeying international laws of warfare. We have used it in order to shorten the agony of war, in order to save the lives of thousands and thousands of young Americans.

We shall continue to use it until we completely destroy Japan's power to make war. Only a Japanese surrender will stop us." __**President video**:__
 * **I didn't think it was really that necesary for the U.S. to drop the atomic bombs on Japan, but they asked for it because even though their country was getting severely destroyed they still didnt want to surrender. They were making things even worse. The U.S. thought that by using the atomic bombs that Japan would eventually have to give up, knowing that they were losing a lot. The U.S. did what they had to do to get the job done. Japan still wasn't surrendering until the emperor hirohito announced that the war was ending, which meant they finaly surrendered. I think that Japan took it too far.**
 * [[image:http://nisei.hawaii.edu/docs/IO/3125/img3125.jpg width="307" height="369" caption="Atomic bomb on Nagasaki"]][[image:http://www.visitingdc.com/images/harry-truman-picture.jpg width="295" height="362" caption="President Truman, he ordered the U.S. to drop the atomic bombs on Japan"]]**
 * V-J Day
 * August 15th, Hirohito(emperor) annouced the end of the war over the radio.
 * some people tried to go against the Japanese gov't to continue, but failed
 * Democrat, 1945-1953
 * three months while he was vice president, FDR died
 * he had two choices, to invade Japan or drop the atomic bombs; he decided to drop the bomb- another was dropped the day after the first one hit Japan
 * The Cold war, the U.S. against Soviet Union
 * He ended segregation in the military in1948
 * 1949- China communist revolution
 * 1950-1953 Korean War

=The Home Front Continues..=
 * G4. Home Front Issues: A few other very important aspects of America during WWII. Define each AND give your opinion on each.**
 * HomeFront>the people that were left behind that didnt go to war, they gave it the name to peoples everyday life**
 * Rationing--->
 * the people were only allowed to buy small amount of the things they needed because they were short on war supplies; made sure everyone had a fair share/ration;the government introduced rationing(i.e. gasoline,butter, coffee, meat)
 * Paying for the war--->
 * the gov't raised taxes, borrowed money from American people through war bonds, and borrowed money from foreign countries
 * The Office of War Information (see propaganda below)
 * they were the people to put out all of the **propaganda**, info to influence people, also to make the American people fear what the outcomes may be
 * Executive Order 9066
 * The goal was to remove people of the Japanese background from the west coast of the U.S.
 * Feb. 1942, 2 months after Pearl Harbor
 * gave armed forces to create military zones and power to force other to leave the zones
 * **__Internment__---> forced people to relocate and go into camps**
 * **similar to the Holocaust, but no killing involved**
 * **Fred Korematsu fought against the executive order 9066**
 * Japanese Internment Timeline notes:
 * within 48hrs after Pearl Habor, 1291 Japanese(Americans) were in custody under no charge.
 * 2 months later FDR sings the Executive Order 9066
 * one month after he signs Executive Order 9102, WRA( War Relocation Authority) took $5.5mil
 * families were given 1 week to prepare for the first civilian exlusion order and then they would be imprisoned and confined
 * WRA didn't cosider the camps as concentration camps
 * They do not want any Japanese people in the coast at all becasue they don't know what their intentions are
 * The supreme court did not care for people who tried to fight against internment, i.e. Fred Korematsu
 * if Japanese wanted to return they had to do screenings
 * May 7th, 1945 the war ended with the surrender of Germany

= Propaganda =
 * -->Information meant to influence people**
 * i.e.--> movie trailors, gov;t posters, fliers, commercial, etc**

=__WWII:__=
 * 1) Background and start of war in Europe(1939 -1930s
 * 2) Steps to the U.S. involvement in WWII (1930s-->Dec. 7th, 1941(Pearl Harbor))
 * 3) fighting of the war 1939-1945 (G3)
 * 4) American Home Front during WWII (G1,G2+G4)
 * 5) Diplomacy + Outcomes (H+I)

H. Diplomacy at the end of WWII

 * Diplomacy--> negotiations between/among countries---> occurs at United Nations**
 * Diplomat--> a person who reps a country (i.e. Secretary of state)**
 * **Yalta Conference**
 * **When: In Feb. 1945 (war almost over)**
 * **Where: In the city of Yalta, in the Soviet Union**
 * **Who: Allied leaders - FDR(U.S.), Winston Churchill(England), and Joseph Stalin(Soviet union)**
 * **Why: The Yalta conference was a meeting to make plans for post-war and peace, key goal was to discuss what to do with Germany and many other nations that had been under Axis control during the war**
 * **What happened:**
 * **they divided Germany and its capital city(Berlin) into 4 sectors, The Americans, Soviets, British, and French and each would occupy the sectors, with the Soviets having the largest zone since it had the largest army**
 * **Germany would not be punished this time**
 * **Stalin promised to help run elections in Poland and other countries in need of new gov'ts (but he did not keep his promise)**
 * **Stalin promised that after Germany was defeated he would help the U.S. defeat Japan if they could not do so within 3 months**
 * **Germany defeated on May 8, 1945...U.S. drops a bomb on Hiroshima August 6, 1945... Soviet Union declares war on Japan on August8, 1945...U.S. drops bomb on Nagasaki on august 9, 1945... Japan surrenders on August 15, 1945**
 * **FDR's death--Truman takes over as President, new leader for the U.S. at a very tough time**
 * [[image:http://mitchellarchives.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/fdr-dies-ff.jpg width="191" height="244" caption="April 12, 1945"]] ||
 * April 12, 1945 ||


 * ===United Nations---> created in June 1945- purpose: keep peace===
 * ===Potsdam Conference-===
 * meeting in July of 1945 in Potsdam Germany after Germany's defeat
 * Unsuccessful b/c Stalin no longer planning on holding elections in Poland and other European countries
 * Growing American fear of the spread of Soviet communism

=I. Outcomes and Effects of WWII...including seeds of the Cold War=

6. Death toll - see chart below - which countries suffered the most from WWII?
7.The start of the Cold War - the U.S. vs. the S.U.
 * there were barely no asian countries that was affected by the Holocaust
 * Poland had the highest percentage of deaths
 * The Soviet Union suffered the most, since they had basically the most deaths
 * the U.S. had the least de\ath percentage

**Deaths** || **Deaths as % of total of 1939 Population** ||  ||
 * **Human Losses of World War II by Country** ||
 * **Country** || **Military Deaths** || **Civilian Deaths** || **Jewish Deaths**
 * in the Holocaust** || **Total**
 * in the Holocaust** || **Total**
 * **China** || 3,000,000 || 12,000,000 ||  || 15,000,000 || 3.86 ||
 * [|Czechoslovakia] || 25,000 || 43,000 || 277,000 || 345,000 || 2.25 ||
 * [|France] || 217,600 || 267,000 || 83,000 || 567,600 || 1.35 ||
 * [|Germany] || 5,533,000 || 1,800,000 || 160,000 || 8,393,000 || 12.15 ||
 * [|Hungary] || 300,000 || 80,000 || 200,000 || 580,000 || 6.35 ||
 * [|India] || 87,000 || 2,00,000 ||  || 2,587,000 || 0.66 ||
 * [|Italy] || 301,400 || 145,100 || 8,000 || 454,500 || 1.02 ||
 * [|Japan] || 2,120,000 || 580,000 ||  || 2,700,000 || 3.78 ||
 * [|Philippines] || 57,000 || 850,000 ||  || 850,000 || 3.48 ||
 * [|Poland] || 240,000 || 2,580,000 || 3,000,000 || 5,820,000 || 16.1 ||
 * [|Soviet Union] || 10,700,000 || 12,254,000 || 1,000,000 || 23,954,000 || 14.18 ||
 * [|United Kingdom] || 382,700 || 67,100 ||  || 449,800 || 0.94 ||
 * [|United States] || 416,800 || 1,700 ||  || 418,500 || 0.32 ||
 * **Totals (estimates)** || **25,000,500** || **40,900,600** || **5,752,400** || **66,394,200** || **3.50** ||  ||
 * **Totals (estimates)** || **25,000,500** || **40,900,600** || **5,752,400** || **66,394,200** || **3.50** ||  ||

=J. wordle on WWII:= media type="custom" key="9484480" 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
 * 5 important Key terms:**

=K. WWII Top Ten KTs= ‍What the ten most important key terms to know about American involvement in WWII?
 * 1) Pearl Harbor- after attack it led America to join war
 * 2) Dictatorship- one of the reasons the war started, Hitler
 * 3) Propaganda- influenced people to join war
 * 4) D-day- Allies invaded on France because it was Germany occupied
 * 5) Home Front- Poeple who were affected back home because of the war
 * 6) Rationing- limited peoples purchases so they would have enough to provide for the war
 * 7) Yalta conference- meeting to make peace post-war
 * 8) Internment- Japanese people were forced to leave the west coast and move into camps
 * 9) Diplomacy- negotiations between or among countries
 * 10) Mobilization- preparation for the war and how they would reach there destinations


 * General War-Related terms**
 * *Home Front
 * *Propaganda
 * *Diplomacy
 * Rationing
 * Dictator
 * Apeasment
 * *Mobilization
 * Front/theater

=L. WWII Essay Work: Thesis Statements=

thesis statement- shows topic, restates the question, sets up arguement, and usually 1-2 sentences, should include specifics, compound sewntence
Q: How was your weekend? Thesis statement: People especially children love the weekend because there is no school, but weekends are usually not as fun as it may seem. Q: Which is the best fast food restaurant? Thesis statement:

=﻿Test Review:=
 * Chapter 23- WWII Erupts**
 * opening page**
 * **the Treaty of Versailles created conflict instead of peace,Great Britain and France avoided conflict Germany, Japan, and Italy were led by dictators**
 * page 736**
 * S1:**
 * **The Rise of Dictators- the Treaty of Versailles failed and dictators took control of Germany, Japan, and Italy**


 * S2:**
 * **Europe Eurpts in War-Germany was not statisfied and it led to start WWII**
 * S3:**
 * **The United States Enter the War- The Axis aggression destroyed the isolationism of the U.S. and brought them into war**
 * S4:**
 * **Mobilization for War- Once the war started it was necessary for the U.S. military to go mobile**


 * Chapter 24-The United States in WWII**
 * opening page**
 * **Although the U.S. military and the Allies defeated the Axis powers, the victory was costly**
 * page 768**
 * S1:**
 * **The war in Europe and North Africa-**


 * S2:**
 * **The Holocaust-**
 * S3:**
 * **The war in the Pacific-**
 * S4:**
 * **The Home front -**
 * S5:**
 * **WWII Ends-**