Unit+7

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 * = UNIT 7- THE COLD WAR =

Major aspects of the Cold War

 * ** ﻿ ** Cold War : Between U.S. and S.U
 * President Harry Truman agreed to a policy that restricted territorial growth/communism-- The Truman Doctrine
 * The S.U. in 1949 tested their own atomic bomb and Truman demanded the U.S. to make one even more powerful
 * On October 4, 1957, the competion started and the S.U. launched the worlds first satellite, Sputnik
 * Fear in U.S.--> bomb shelters, "duck and cover" drills
 * there was an Arms race--> weapons, build ups--> nuclear weapons esp
 * There was a space race--> satellites, tech, the moon, spying, NASA
 * In 1958, the U.S. launched Exploerer I
 * in April 1969, the S.U. launched the first man into space and then a fews months later the U.S. launched the first man to set food on the moon
 * Red scare--> Fear of communism
 * HUAC- ivestigated American beliefs--> Are there communists in the U.S.; caused many Hollywood people to lose their jobs b/c they might be communists
 * 1950- Korea War began--> North Korea vs South Korea
 * Korea(it is split in 2 and North Korea is communist), Cuba(communist country), Vietnam War(American failure because it it now a communist country)



What can we learn from looking at the Cold War map above?

 * The U.S. Allies covered more ground than the S.U. Allies
 * China was the only communist country, but not Allied
 * Africa not involved
 * The Iron curtain divided Germany in half
 * The U.S. Allies seem to be mostly in the west and then some in the east

=__Quotes:__=

- President George H.W. Bush

 * to end this war Europe must be whole, not divided, must be all communist or all democratic

===‍2. At the present moment in world history nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life. The choice is too often not a free one. One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, __free elections__, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon __terror__ and __oppression__, a controlled press and radio, __fixed elections__, and the suppression of personal freedoms. ===

- President Harry Truman

 * Choice--> democracy--> like the U.S. or communism--> like the S.U.

‍-Joseph Stalin

 * Corruption

4. The Truman Doctrine Speech by President Harry S. Truman to congress: What was his policy?

 * His policy was that the people had a choice on what they wanted to do and the Gov't would assist them in economic and finacial aid.
 * it was his policy to help free people who were oppressed
 * ** *Help countries resist communism through ecnomic aid*; CONTAINMENT; don't let communism spread **

=B. The Basics=
 * ===‍Who was the Cold War between?===
 * The U.S. and its allies and the S.U. and its allies
 * ===‍When was the Cold War?===
 * around 1945 to 1991- lasted so long because it was a "cold" war
 * ===‍Why did it occur? What was it over?===
 * the types of gov't and economy that countries would have after WWII- many countries that the axis powers had controlled during the war(ex Germany, Vietnam, Poland, Japan, etc.) Result: Japan(democracy), Germany(split), then communist), Poland(communist)
 * ===‍Why is it called "the Cold War?"===
 * it was called the Cold war because of the relationshipp between the U.S. and the S.U. after WWII
 * **it was "cold" because there was not a lot of direct military fighting- it was mostly ideas and trying to spread democracy or communism**
 * ===We will complete the following chart:===

Communism--> in theory is about trying to have a __classless society__- no rich, no poor
 * || ECONOMY || DESCRIPTION || POLITICS || DESCRIPTION ||
 * THE UNITED STATES || Capitalism || * Citizens run the Businesse
 * Competition drives the industries || Democracy || * People control the gov't by picking their representatives
 * many individual rights and freedoms ||
 * THE SOVIET UNION || communism || * Gov't runs the economy || Dictatorship || * One person with complete power and control
 * limited individual rights and freedoms ||

6. QUESTIONS: use the info below the question and your background knowledge to answer these two questions:

 * 1) ====‍Why was America so set on stopping the spread of Soviet influence? What is so bad about communism? What was so bad about the Soviets?====
 * 2) ====‍What did the Soviets think was so bad about America and capitalism?====

=Video ﻿: Korean War =
 * in 1950, North Korea(communist) invades South Korea
 * S.U. created an Atomic bomb in 1949
 * containment was successful in Europe but not in Asia, china - communist in 1949
 * S.U. --> North Korea
 * U.S.through the U.N. helped South Korea ( police action- not - war)
 * Truman did not want the Chinese people to cross the river that separated them and Korea
 * but China eventually became involved
 * S. Korea and N. Korea were split into two by the 38th parallel
 * Truman believed in the Domino theory
 * 1951- stalemate
 * 1953- ceasefire
 * The Korean War was successful in terms of containing communism

=__The Cold War on the Home front:__=
 * investigations/accusations of Americans being Communists and/or spies
 * Fear/ paranoia
 * HUAC(house of representatives)--> congressional hearings

=T ﻿he Marshall Plan: =

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 * European recovery program
 * it was supposed to rebuild econmic crisis
 * operating for 4 years, started in april 1948-1952
 * the U.S. wanted to restore war damges
 * they wanted to help the S.U. and its allies, but they did not accept
 * secretary of state George C. Marshall and president Truman
 * U.S. program to help Europe rebuild its economy
 * fighting the spread of communism
 * stable economies = democracy?
 * $13 billion U.S. aid to 17 European countries( most money to Britain, France, Italy, West Germany)
 * the marshall plan started with Greece and Turkey in giving them money
 * very successful program and helps with containment

=McCartyism=
 * named after Joseph McCarty and it is a belief.
 * senator of Wisconsin
 * exposing communists wherever they were, including the U.S. gov't
 * he made a lot of accusations but turned out he had very little evidence
 * 1950-1953
 * **Can we fight communism without violating citizens' rights?**